what is it?

ECSTASY is a drug called MDMA, a natural version of which is found in nutmeg and oil of sassafras. It was first discovered in 1912 and patented as an appetite suppressant in 1914 by a German company. It's never been produced on a commercial basis by a drug company, but was used in the 1970's by American psychotherapists as an aid to therapy, before being outlawed in the mid 1980's. Ecstasy is a stimulant drug with some of the properties of LSD, but it doesn't cause hallucinations. Because it has only been used widely as a recreational drug since the mid 1980s, little is know about possible long term effects. Medical research is only now exploring these potential problems.

what does it look like?

ECSTASY powder is usually pressed into tablets which vary widely in colour and size. These different "brands" of ecstasy are sold under different names. A couple of the early ones, for example, were called "Love doves" and "New Yorkers" Capsules are also available, but there's more risk of their being tampered with, and other drugs such as amphetamine and LSD added.

what are the effects?

THE effects of ecstasy depend on the amount taken and the surroundings in which the drug is taken. To start with there may be effects such as sweating, dry mouth, an increase in heart rate, and loss of appetite. This may be followed by feelings of serenity and calm, emotional closeness and understanding with people around. There's often an increase in the sensitivity of both touch and hearing, Ectasy isn't a truly hallucinogenic drug but some images are sometimes seen when high doses are used. The effects usually peak for about 2 hours although they may persist for several hours in total.

is it addictive?

ECSTASY isn't physically addictive, but a psychological dependence (when you feel that you cannot do without something) can occur. With frequent use tolerance can build up so that more has to be used to get the same effect. On stopping it, some people feel depressed and tired, but this eases with time.

risk factors

YOU should avoid using ecstasy if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, epilepsy, diabetes or liver problems. Also if you have had psychiatric problems like depression or anxiety. Take advice if you are unsure.

what are the side effects?

MOST people who take ecstasy on an occasional basis have few problems. With more frequent use, and an increase in the amount taken, tolerance can develop to the desirable effects leaving you more vulnerable to toxic side effects. These include nausea, dizziness and jaw tension. Symptoms such as anxiety and panic attacks, insomnia, confusion and depression have been reported when it's been used over long periods and in larger doses. Because ecstasy increases heart rate and blood pressure, there is a greater risk for anyone with heart problems or high blood pressure.

Ecstasy has been connected with several deaths in the UK. The people involved were apparently healthy and had not taken unusually large doses. Compared to the number of deaths from other drugs such as solvents or alcohol the number is very small, but there is cause for concern. At present we are not able to say how and why these deaths occurred, although research suggests a link with overheating. Taking a sensible amount of non-alcoholic fluid may therefore lessen the risk of overheating. Isotonic high energy drinks are recommended.

legal position

ECSTASY is a class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, making possession, supply, or production illegal. The penalties are the same as those for heroin. Possession of even quite small numbers of tablets can lead to intent to supply charges. Sentencing varies according to individual circumstances and local policies. It's an offence to drive while under the influence of ecstasy.